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Key Equations
ideal gas law PV=NkT PV=NkT
first law of thermodynamics ΔU=Q−W ΔU=Q−W
pressure P= F A P= F A
pressure–volume work W=PΔV W=PΔV
change in entropy ΔS= Q T ΔS= Q T
thermal efficiency of a heat engine Eff= W Q h Eff= W Q h
work output for a cyclical process W= Q h − Q c W= Q h − Q c