Gout
Mammals use uric acid crystals as an antioxidant in their cells. However, too much uric acid tends to form kidney stones and may also cause a painful condition called gout, where uric acid crystals accumulate in the joints, as illustrated in Figure 32.15. Food choices that reduce the amount of nitrogenous bases in the diet help reduce the risk of gout. For example, tea, coffee, and chocolate have purine-like compounds, called xanthines, and should be avoided by people with gout and kidney stones.
Why does gout often result in pain?
- The urethra swells, making urination slower and more painful.
- Uric acid crystals build up in the joints, resulting in painful body movements.
- Ammonia begins to degrade the linking of the bladder, causing constant pain.
- Urea is always highly concentrated, resulting in kidney stones that make urination painful.