12.1 Linear Equations

y = a + bx, where a is the y-intercept and b is the slope. The variable x is the independent variable and y is the dependent variable.

12.4 Testing the Significance of the Correlation Coefficient (Optional)

Least-Squares Line or Line of Best Fit:

$ŷ=a+bx\text{,}$

where a is the y-intercept and b is the slope.

Standard Deviation of the Residuals:

$s=\sqrt{\frac{\text{SSE}}{n-2}},$

where SSE = sum of squared errors, and

n = the number of data points.