Science Concepts Chemistry

Knowledge and Skills Statement

Science concepts. The student knows how atoms form ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds.
Glossary terms and definitions are consistent across kindergarten through high school in the TEKS Guide. The definitions are intended to give educators a common understanding of the terms regardless of what grade level they teach. Glossary definitions are not intended for use with students.

the smallest particle of matter that has distinct physical and chemical properties; consists of a nucleus which contains protons and neutrons and an electron cloud which contains electrons

a chemical compound in which the bonding between atoms of the substance involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs

the attractive force that exists between molecules, including London dispersion or Van der Waal forces, dipole-dipole forces, and Hydrogen bonding

the attactive force that holds atoms together within a molecule, including covalent and ionic bonding

an electrically neutral chemical compound composed of positive and negative ions held together by electrostatic forces, producing ionic bonds

a type of chemical bonding that is responsible for the characteristic properties of metals; arises from the electrostatic attractive forces between free electrons and positively charged metal ions

a pure element or an alloy (solution) of multiple metallic elements held together through metallic bonds, sharing free electrons among a structure of positively charged metal ions

characteristic of matter that can be used to identify particular materials

Research

Shimizu, Ken D. "Intermolecular forces: A Solution to Dispersion Interactions." Nature Chemistry 5, no. 12 (2013): 989-90. 
https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.1808

Summary:  London dispersion forces have been cited as an important factor in protein folding, drug-receptor interactions, and catalyst selectivities. However, careful analysis of a model system finds that the dispersion interactions are only minor contributors to the formation of complexes in solution.