In Spanish, the verbs ser and estar (to be) have some important differences. Typically, the verb ser refers to specific attributes of something or someone, like physical description (alto), personality (gracioso), nationality (peruano), or gender (hombre/ mujer). The attributes described by the verb ser tend to be more permanent. For example, Mi hermano José Luis es alto. The verb estar is typically used for states of being that tend to be more transitory. For example, Mi hermano José Luis está enojado porque no pudo ir al paseo. In the first example, the attribute alto is unlikely to change, whereas in the second example the state of being enojado is likely to change.

During the editing stage of the writing process, students further improve their drafts and often prepare for publication by correcting conventions errors. Ensuring that the standards of the Spanish language have been applied correctly helps the audience more easily comprehend the information because they do not have to interrupt their thinking to determine what the writer intended to say.

Students should use the knowledge they acquired in previous grades to understand the correct conjugation of verb tenses. Imperfect past tense verbs indicate a continuing or repeated action, like jugaba, corría, or vivía. Past participle tenses indicate non-personal conjugations of verbs that indicate actions that have occurred in the past, like he leído. Past perfect tense verbs indicate actions that took place in the past, prior to another already completed action, like había leído (antes de tomar el examen). Both past participle and perfect verbs require the auxiliary verb haber in all conjugations. Conditional verb tenses indicate hypothetical situations and actions as well as polite requests, like sería, habría, diría, iría. Students should accurately use verb tenses in their writing to provide a clear idea of the message they intend to convey.

Students should use the knowledge they acquired in previous grades to understand the correct conjugation of verb tenses. Simple past tense verbs refer to actions that took place in the past, like visité, salí, or dormí. Present tense verbs indicate actions that occur in the present time, like visito, salgo, and duermo. Future tense verbs are generally used to make predictions or to show ability, intention or determination. For example, visitaré, saldré, and dormiré. Students should accurately use verb tenses in their writing to provide a clear idea of the message they intend to convey.

standard rules of the Spanish language, including written mechanics such as punctuation, capitalization, spelling, paragraphing, etc. and written/oral grammar such as parts of speech, word order, subject-verb agreement, and sentence structure