During the editing stage of the writing process, students further improve their drafts and often prepare for publication by correcting conventions errors. Ensuring that the standards of the English language have been applied correctly helps the audience more easily comprehend the information because they do not have to interrupt their thinking to determine what the writer intended to say.

Students should understand the functions of prepositional phrases and use them effectively in their writing. Prepositional phrases begin with a preposition and include its object and any words used to modify the object. Prepositional phrases can be used to modify a verb, such as climbed in “We climbed up the hill,” or to modify a noun, such as homework in “I put my homework in my backpack.”

Prepositions are words placed before a noun or pronoun that help express the relationship of that noun or pronoun to other parts of the sentence. Prepositions indicate where or when something exists. For example, the word under in the statement “The dog crawled under the bed” lets a reader know the where the dog is in relation to the bed. Students should know that a word cannot act as preposition if it is not related to a noun or pronoun (referred to as the object of the preposition) in the sentence.

standard rules of the English language, including written mechanics such as punctuation, capitalization, spelling, paragraphing, etc. and written/oral grammar such as parts of speech, word order, subject-verb agreement, and sentence structure