IPC.4 — Vertical Alignment
Vertical alignment shows student expectations in the same subject area at different grade levels that are related to or build upon one another.
communicate the idea that objects can only be seen when a light source is present and compare the effects of different amounts of light on the appearance of objects; and
demonstrate and explain that light travels through some objects and is blocked by other objects, creating shadows.
identify everyday examples of energy, including light, sound, thermal, and mechanical; and
demonstrate and explain how light travels in a straight line and can be reflected, refracted, or absorbed.
IPC.4
Scientific inquiry. Scientific inquiry is the planned and deliberate investigation of the natural world using scientific and engineering practices. Scientific methods of investigation are descriptive, comparative, or experimental. The method chosen should be appropriate to the question being asked. Student learning for different types of investigations include descriptive investigations, which involve collecting data and recording observations without making comparisons; comparative investigations, which involve collecting data with variables that are manipulated to compare results; and experimental investigations, which involve processes similar to comparative investigations but in which a control is identified.
explain how electrons can transition from a high energy level to a low energy state, emitting photons at different frequencies for different energy transitions;
describe the photoelectric effect and emission spectra produced by various atoms and how both are explained by the photon model for light;
investigate the emission spectra produced by various atoms and explain the relationship to the electromagnetic spectrum; and
describe and predict image formation as a consequence of reflection from a plane mirror and refraction through a thin convex lens.