S.2.8.B | Texas Gateway

SCIENCE.2.8.B — Vertical Alignment

Vertical alignment shows student expectations in the same subject area at different grade levels that are related to or build upon one another.

S.2.8.A

demonstrate and explain that sound is made by vibrating matter and that vibrations can be caused by a variety of means, including sound;

S.2.8.B

explain how different levels of sound are used in everyday life such as a whisper in a classroom or a fire alarm; and

S.2.8.C

design and build a device using tools and materials that uses sound to solve the problem of communicating over a distance.

S.3.8.A

identify everyday examples of energy, including light, sound, thermal, and mechanical; and

Recurring themes and concepts — Connections to the content

Recurring themes and concepts provide a connective structure for scientific ideas across disciplines. The connection(s) below show some ways that teachers can help students understand how the content they are learning fits into the broader understanding of science. These connections do not represent all possible connections that might be made but highlight some that are appropriate for this grade level.

Cause-and-effect relationships

Cause-and-effect relationships are relationships between two or more variables or phenomena whereby one variable or event leads to a predictable response. Events have causes—sometimes simple, sometimes multi-faceted.

Different levels of sound (effect) are needed to communicate in different situations (cause).

Scale, proportion, and quantity in systems

It is important to consider how changes in scale, proportion, or quantity affect a system’s structure or performance. Scale refers to the size of an object in relation to another object or its environment. Proportion is the ratio of one quantity to another. Quantity is a count of a set of objects or a measurement of a substance. It is important to note that in kindergarten – grade 2, students will only describe objects in terms of size (scale) and quantity.

Scale is used when comparing the level of the sound produced to the ambient noise level in the area. Increasing or decreasing the volume (quantity) changes the level of sound.

Stability and change

Stability describes a system that does not change at the observed scale. In a stable system, a small disturbance will die out and the system will return to a stable state. Change in the system can come from modifying a factor or condition.

Sound that is monotone is stable. Effective communication requires changes in pitch and volume based on the purpose of the communication.

Science.2.8.B

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SCIENCE.2.8.B — Vertical Alignment

SCIENCE.2.8.B — Breakout of skills

Recurring themes and concepts — Connections to the content