A student expectation is directly related to the knowledge and skills statement, is more specific about how students demonstrate their learning, and always begins with a verb. Student expectations are further broken down into their component parts, often referred to as “breakouts.”
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communicate the idea that objects can only be seen when a light source is present and compare the effects of different amounts of light on the appearance of objects; and
explain how electrons can transition from a high energy level to a low energy state, emitting photons at different frequencies for different energy transitions;
Breakouts are the component parts that make up a student expectation. A breakout shows a distinct concept a student should know or a distinct skill that a student should be able to demonstrate.
The student is expected to
demonstrate how light
can be reflected, refracted, or absorbed
travels in a straight line
explain how light
can be reflected, refracted, or absorbed
travels in a straight line
Recurring themes and concepts — Connections to the content
Recurring themes and concepts provide a connective structure for scientific ideas across disciplines. The connection(s) below show some ways that teachers can help students understand how the content they are learning fits into the broader understanding of science. These connections do not represent all possible connections that might be made but highlight some that are appropriate for this grade level.
Patterns
Patterns are regular sequences that can be found throughout nature.
The pattern of light behavior (reflection, refraction, and absorption) can be predicted based on a material's properties. For example, transparent and translucent material will refract, shiny surfaces will reflect, and opaque materials will absorb the light.
Cause-and-effect relationships
Cause-and-effect relationships are relationships between two or more variables or phenomena whereby one variable or event leads to a predictable response. Events have causes—sometimes simple, sometimes multi-faceted.
The nature of the object that light strikes (cause) determines the change (effect) in the behavior of the light (reflection, refraction, or absorption).