Spanish Language Arts and Reading.4.11.D.vii

During the editing stage of the writing process, students further improve their drafts and often prepare for publishing by correcting conventions errors. Ensuring that the standard rules of the Spanish language have been applied correctly helps the audience to more easily comprehend the information because they do not have to interrupt their thinking to determine what the writer intended to say.

In Spanish, objective pronouns can be direct or indirect. Direct objective pronouns such as lo, la, los, and las replace the direct object in a sentence. In the following example, Ayer compré un libro de ciencia ficción. Lo empecé a leer en cuanto llegué a casa, the objective pronoun lo, in the second sentence, replaces the direct object of the first sentence: libro. Indirect objective pronouns such as le, se, and me replace the indirect object in a sentence. Consider the following example, La próxima semana será el cumpleaños de mi hermana. Le regalaré la pulsera que tanto quiere. In the second sentence, the indirect objective pronoun le replaces the indirect object of the sentence: mi hermana.

Personal pronouns (yo, tú, usted, él/ella, nosotros/ nosotras, ustedes, ellos/ellas) may function as the subject in a sentence. They replace some simple and proper nouns. Consider the following example: Federico sabe nadar muy bien. The subject of this sentence (Federico) can be replaced by the personal pronoun él: Él sabe nadar my bien.

Possessive pronouns indicate possession or ownership of something. They must always agree in gender and number with a given noun. For example: Esta casa es mía y de mi familia= Esta casa es nuestra (ours).

Prepositional pronouns are preceded by a preposition (e.g. ante, para, hacia) and are the same as personal pronouns except for the pronouns mí and ti: Arturo estaba antes de mí en la fila. La abeja se paró justo encima de ti.

Students are expected to know how to correctly use pronouns to refer to or in place of previously established nouns or noun phrases. Students should learn that pronouns are useful in writing because they help make sentences smoother and clearer. The following sentences exemplify the importance of pronouns in writing: Carmen y su prima irán a la casa del tío de Carmen y su prima para que el tío de Carmen y su prima les ayude con la tarea de matemáticas. Carmen y su prima tienen problemas con esa materia y saben que el tío de Carmen y su prima podrá ayudarles. The sentences sound confusing because of the repetitive use of nouns. Consider the same sentence when pronouns are used to replace the nouns once they have been introduced: Carmen y su prima irán a la casa de su tío para que él les ayude con la tarea de matemáticas. Ellas tienen problemas con esa materia y saben que él podrá ayudarles.

Reflexive pronouns indicate that the action of a verb is performed by the same person it affects. Some examples are: me (myself), te (yourself), se (himself/ herself). In the following sentence, Hoy me levanté más temprano que nunca the pronoun me refers to the first person singular (myself).

standard rules of the Spanish language, including written mechanics such as punctuation, capitalization, spelling, paragraphing, etc. and written/oral grammar such as parts of speech, word order, subject-verb agreement, and sentence structure