1. Frederick Griffith
2. Friedrich Miescher
3. James Watson
4. Oswald Avery

1. The transformation of a bacterium occurs during replication.
2. It is the transformation of a bacterium into a pathogenic form.
3. Transformation of bacteria involves changes in its chromosome.
4. Transformation is a process in which external DNA is taken up by a cell, thereby changing morphology and physiology.

What type of nucleic acid material is analyzed the frequently in forensics cases?

1. cytoplasmic rRNA
2. mitochondrial DNA
3. nuclear chromosomal DNA
4. nuclear mRNA

1. Radioactive phages were found in the pellet.
2. Radioactive cells were found in the supernatant.
3. Radioactive sulfur was found inside the cell.
4. Radioactive phosphorus was found in the cell.

If DNA of a particular species was analyzed and it was found that it contains 27 percent A, what would be the percentage of C?

1. 23 percent
2. 27 percent
3. 30 percent
4. 54 percent

If the sequence of the 5' to 3' strand is AATGCTAC, then the complementary sequence has the following sequence:

1. 3'-AATGCTAC-5'
2. 3'-CATCGTAA-5'
3. 3'-TTACGATG-5'
4. 3'-GTAGCATT-5'

1. antiparallel configuration
2. complementary base pairing
3. major and minor grooves
4. uracil

What is a purine?

1. a double-ring structure with a six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring
2. a single six-membered ring
3. a six-membered ring
4. three phosphates covalently bonded by phosphodiester bonds

What is the name of the method developed by Fred Sanger to sequence DNA?

1. dideoxy chain termination
2. double helix determination
3. polymerase chain reaction
4. polymer gel electrophoresis

1. The chain extends to the end of the DNA strand.
2. The DNA stand is duplicated.
3. The chain is not extended any further.
4. The last codon is repeated.

1. histones
2. polymerase
3. single-stranded binding proteins
4. sliding clamp

1. DNA gyrase
2. helicase
3. ligase
4. telomerase

1. chromosomal DNA
2. helicase
3. mitochondrial DNA
4. mRNA

1. the addition of DNA reductase
2. the addition of dideoxynucleotides
3. the elimination of DNA polymerase
4. the addition of uracil

Which of the following is not one of the proteins involved during the formation of the replication fork?

1. helicase
2. ligase
3. origin of replication
4. single-stranded binding proteins

In which direction does DNA replication take place?

1. 5' to 3'
2. 3' to 5'
3. 5'
4. 3'

1. conservative
2. converse
3. dispersive
4. semi-conservative

1. The original chromosome was kept intact and a duplicate was made.
2. The original chromosome was split and half went to each duplicate.
3. The original chromosome was mixed with new material and each duplicate strand contained both old and new.
4. The original chromosome was used as a template for two new chromosomes and discarded.

1. DNA gyrase
2. helicase
3. ligase
4. telomerase

1. DNA pol I
2. DNA pol II
3. DNA pol III
4. DNA pol I, DNA pol II, and DNA pol III

1. helicase
2. lagging strand
3. leading strand
4. primer

1. DNA primer
2. Okazaki fragments
3. phosphodiester linkage
4. RNA primer

1. DNA polymerase
2. helicase
3. primase
4. telomerase

1. Eukaryotes are $50$ times slower.
2. Eukaryotes are $20$ times faster.
3. Prokaryotes are $100$ times slower.
4. Prokaryotes are $10$ times faster.

1. areas of prokaryotic chromosomes that initiate copying
2. portions of prokaryotic chromosomes that can be transferred from one organism to another
3. areas of eukaryotic chromosomes that are equivalent to the origin of replication in E. coli
4. portions of eukaryotic chromosomes that replicate independent of the parent chromosome

1. adult stem cells
2. embryonic cells
3. germ cells
4. liver cells

1. DNA polymerase
2. helicase
3. topoisomerase
4. primase

If a prokaryotic cell is replicating nucleotides at a rate of 100 per second, how fast would a eukaryotic cell be replicating nucleotides?

1. 1,000 per second
2. 100 per second
3. 10 per second
4. 1 per second

1. frameshift
2. missense
3. nonsense
4. silent

1. frameshift
2. missense
3. nonsense
4. silent

1. Yes, the cancer can spread to the baby.
2. No, the mutations causing the cancer are in somatic cells, not reproductive germ cells.
3. Yes, the mutations can be passed on to the child through the placenta.
4. No, UV light only affects adult, somatic cells.

1. DNA polymerase proofreading
2. mismatch repair
3. nucleotide excision repair
4. thymine dimers

1. phosphodiester bonds
2. purine conjugates
3. pyrimidine dimers
4. tetrad disassembly