References
References
Welcome to Economics!
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2015). The employment situation—February 2015. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/empsit_03062015.pdf
Williamson, L. (2013). U.S. labor market in 2012. Monthly labor review. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2013/03/art1full.pdf
Garling, C. (2013, July 7). S.F. plane crash: Reporting, emotions on social media. The San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved from http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/S-F-plane-crash-Reporting-emotions-on-social-4651639.php
Irvine, J. (2011, Nov. 25). Social networking sites are factories of modern ideas. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved from http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/society-and-culture/social-networking-sites-are-factories-ofmodern-ideas-20111124-1nwy3.html#ixzz2YZhPYeME
Pew Research Center. (2015). Social media fact sheet. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/fact-sheets/social-networking-fact-sheet/
The Heritage Foundation. (2015). 2015 index of economic freedom. Retrieved from http://www.heritage.org/index/pdf/2015/book/index_2015.pdf
World Bank Group. (2015). DataBank. Retrieved from http://databank.worldbank.org/data/
Choice in a World of Scarcity
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2015). Median weekly earnings by educational attainment in 2014. TED: The economics daily. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2015/median-weekly-earnings-by-education-gender-race-and-ethnicity-in-2014.htm
Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. (2013). Total passengers on U.S airlines and foreign airlines U.S. flights increased 1.3% in 2012 from 2011. Retrieved from http://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/press_releases/bts016_13
Robbins , L. (1932). An essay on the nature and significance of economic science. London: Macmillan.
Smith , A. (1759). Of the propriety of action. In The theory of moral sentiments (1). London: A. Millar.
Smith , A. (1904). Of restraints upon the importation from foreign countries. In The wealth of nations (I.V. 2.9). London: Methuen & Co., Ltd.
Demand and Supply
Costanza , R. & Wainger L. (1990, Sept. 2). No accounting for nature: How conventional economics distorts the value of things.” The Washington Post.
European Commission. (2013). Overview of the CAP reform: 2014–2024. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/cap-post-2013/
Radford , R. A. (1945). The economic organisation of a P.O.W. camp. Economica, 12(48), 189–201. doi: 10.2307/2550133
Landsburg , S. E. (2012). The armchair economist: Economics and everyday life. New York: The Free Press.
National Chicken Council. (2015). Per capita consumption of poultry and livestock, 1965 to estimated 2015, in pounds. Retrieved from http://www.nationalchickencouncil.org/about-the-industry/statistics/percapita-consumption-of-poultry-and-livestock-1965-to-estimated-2012-in-pounds/
Wessel , D. (2004, May 27). Saudi Arabia fears $40-a-barrel oil, too. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB108561000087822300
Pew Research Center. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.people-press.org/
Labor and Financial Markets
American Association of Colleges of Nursing. (2012, March 12). Press Release: New AACN data show an enrollment surge in baccalaureate and graduate programs amid calls for more highly educated nurses. Retrieved from http://www.aacn.nche.edu/news/articles/2012/enrollment-data
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (n.d.). Occupational outlook handbook: Registered nurses. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/registered-nurses.htm
Davis , J. (2012). School enrollment and work status: 2011. American community survey briefs. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/acsbr11-14.pdf
National Center for Educational Statistics, U.S. Department of Education. (2008). Digest of education statistics. Retrieved https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2009/2009020.pdf
National Center for Educational Statistics, U.S. Department of Education. (2010). Digest of education statistics. Retrieved https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2011/2011015.pdf
CreditCards .com. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.creditcards.com/credit-card-news/credit-card-industry-facts- personal-debtstatistics-1276.php
U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of International Affairs. (2015, April 9). Report to Congress on international economic and exchange rate policies. Retrieved from https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/international/exchange-rate-policies/Documents/Report%20to%20Congress%20on%20International%20Economic%20and%20Exchange%20Rate%20Policies%2004092015.pdf
The Macroeconomic Perspective
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (n.d.). AHRQ. Retrieved from http://www.ahrq.gov/
Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce. (2013, Dec. 1). National data: National income and product accounts tables. Retrieved from http://bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?ReqID=9&step=1
Schneider , F. (2013). Size and development of the shadow economy of 31 European and 5 other OECD countries from 2003 to 2013: A further decline. Retrieved from http://www.econ.jku.at/members/Schneider/files/publications/2013/ShadEcEurope31_Jan2013.pdf
U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. (2013). 2012 census of governments. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/govs/cog/
U.S. Department of Agriculture. (n.d.). USDA. Retrieved from http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usda/usdahome
U.S. Department of Energy. (n.d.). Energy.gov. Retrieved from http://energy.gov/
U.S. Department of Transportation. (2012). About DOT. Retrieved from http://www.dot.gov/about
The National Bureau of Economic Research. (n.d.). Information on recessions and recoveries, the NBER business cycle dating committee, and related topics. Retrieved from http://www.nber.org/cycles/main.html
International Monetary Fund . (2013, April). World Economic Outlook Database. Retrieved from http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/01/weodata/index.aspx
Economic Growth
Bolt, J. & Luiten van Zanden, J. (2013). The Maddison Project: The first update of the Maddison Project re-estimating growth before 1820. Retrieved from http://www.ggdc.net/maddison/publications/pdf/wp4.pdf
British Library. (n.d.). Treasures in full: Magna Carta. Retrieved from http://www.bl.uk/treasures/magnacarta/
Central Intelligence Agency. (2013). The world factbook: Country comparison GDP (purchasing power parity). Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2001rank.html
DeLong, B. (2013, Sept. 3). Lighting the rocket of growth and lightening the toil of work: Another outtake from my “slouching towards utopia” MS . . . . Grasping reality: The semi-daily journal of economist Brad DeLong. Retrieved from http://delong.typepad.com/sdj/2013/09/lighting-the-rocket-of-growth-and-lightening-the-toil-of-work-another-outtake-from-my-slouching-towards-utopia-ms.html
Easterlin, R. A. (2000). The worldwide standard of living since 1800. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14(1), 7–26. Retrieved from http://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/jep.14.1.7
Hudson, R.A. (Ed.) (1997). Spectacular Growth, 1968–73. In Brazil: A country study. Retrieved from http://countrystudies.us/brazil/64.htm
Luiten van Zanden, J. (2009). The long road to the Industrial Revolution: The European economy in a global perspective, 1000–1800. Boston: Brill.
Maddison, A. (2007). Contours of the world economy 1-2030 AD: Essays in macro-economic history. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Rothbard, M. N. (2007, June 22). Property rights and the theory of contracts. Ludwig von Mises Institute daily articles. Retrieved from http://mises.org/daily/2580
Salois, M. J., Tiffin, R. J., & Balcombe, K. G. (2011, July 24–26). Impact of income on calorie and nutrient intakes: A cross-country analysis. Agriculture and Applied Economics Association Annual Meeting. Pittsburg, PA. Retrieved from http://ideas.repec.org/p/ags/aaea11/103647.html
World Bank Group. (n.d.a). CPIA property rights and rule-based governance rating (1=low to 6=high). Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IQ.CPA.PROP.XQ
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2003). Women at work: A visual essay. Monthly labor review, 45–50. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2003/10/ressum3.pdf
Farole, T. & Gokhan A. (Eds.). (2011) Special economic zones: Progress, emerging challenges, and future directions. Retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/2341/638440PUB0Exto00Box0361527B0PUBLIC0.pdf
Garcia, A. & Mohnen, P. (2010, May 30). Impact of government support on R&D and innovation. Retrieved from http://www.merit.unu.edu/publications/wppdf/2010/wp2010-034.pdf
Heston, A., Summers, R., & Aten, B. (2012 July). Penn world table version 7.1. Retrieved from https://pwt.sas.upenn.edu/php_site/pwt71/pwt71_form.php
The Economist. (2006, April 12). Women and the world economy: A guide to womenomics. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/node/6802551
Central Intelligence Agency. (2013). The world factbook: Country comparison: GDP–real growth rate. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2003rank.html
Sen, A. (1997, Nov.). Hunger in the contemporary world. Retrieved from http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/de/dedps8.pdf
World Bank Group. (n.d.b). World development indicators. Retrieved from http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=world-development-indicators#c_u)
Unemployment
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2015). The employment situation—February 2015. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/empsit_03062015.pdf
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. (2013d). Unemployment rate: White. Retrieved from https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/LNS14000003
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2015, March 6). Labor force statistics from the current population survey. Retrieved from http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS14000000
Cappelli, P. (2012, June 20). Why good people can’t get jobs: Chasing after the purple squirrel. Retrieved from http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=3027
Inflation
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (n.d.a). Consumer price index. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/cpi/
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (n.d.b). Top picks. Retrieved from http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ap
U.S. Inflation Calculator. (2015, March 4). Historical Inflation Rates: 1914–2013. Retrieved from http://www.usinflationcalculator.com/inflation/historical-inflation-rates/
Sources for Table 8.1:
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (n.d.a). Average retail food and energy prices, U.S. and Midwest region. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/ro3/apmw.htm
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (n.d.b). Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1). Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.t24.htm
Lang, B. (2015, Jan. 20). Average movie ticket prices increase to $8.17 for 2014. Variety. Retrieved from http://variety.com/2015/film/news/movie-ticket-prices-increased-in-2014-1201409670/
U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. (n.d.). Median and average sales prices of new home sold in the United States. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/construction/nrs/pdf/uspricemon.pdf
U.S. Energy Information Administration. (n.d.). Weekly retail gasoline and diesel prices. Retrieved from http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pri_gnd_a_epmr_pte_dpgal_w.htm
Zak, M. (2014, March 12). Who can afford the average car price? Only folks in Washington, D.C. Autoblog. Retrieved from http://www.autoblog.com/2014/03/12/who-can-afford-the-average-car-price-only-folks-in-washington/
Bernhard, K. (2005, Sept.1). Pump prices jump across U.S. after Katrina. NBC News. Retrieved from http://www.nbcnews.com/id/9146363/ns/business-local_business/t/pump-prices-jump-across-us-afterkatrina/#U00kRfk7um4
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2008, June 19). Frequently asked questions (FAQs). Retrieved from https://blsmon1.bls.gov/dolfaq/bls_ques6.htm
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. (2013a). Consumer price index: All items for China. Retrieved from https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CHNCPIALLMINMEI
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. (2013b). Inflation, consumer prices for Brazil. Retrieved from https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FPCPITOTLZGBRA
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. (2013c). Inflation, consumer prices for the Russian Federation Retrieved from https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FPCPITOTLZGRUS
Shiller, R. J. (1996, April). Why do people dislike inflation? 52. Retrieved from http://www.nber.org/papers/w5539
U.S. Department of Labor. (n.d.) History of federal minimum wage rates under the Fair Labor Standards Act, 193–2009. Retrieved from https://www.dol.gov/whd/minwage/chart.htm
Wynne, M. A. (2014, April 14). “Core inflation: A review of some conceptual issues.” Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review, 209. Retrieved from http://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/review/08/05/part2/Wynne.pdf
Hanke, S. H. (2013, Dec. 31). R.I.P. Zimbabwe dollar. Retrieved from http://www.cato.org/Zimbabwe
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2015, March 4). Billion prices project. Retrieved from http://bpp.mit.edu/usa/
Wines, M. (2006, May 2). How bad is inflation in Zimbabwe? The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/02/world/africa/02zimbabwe.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0
The International Trade and Capital Flows
Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce. (2013, Dec. 1). U.S. economic accounts. Retrieved from http://www.bea.gov/
Central Intelligence Agency. (2013, Oct. 31). The world factbook. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gm.html
U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/
World Bank Group. (2014, April 13). Exports of goods and services (% of GDP). Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS/countries
Tabuchi, H. (2013, Jan. 23). Japan trade deficit was $78 billion in 2012. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/24/business/global/japan-reports-a-78-billion-trade-deficit-for-2012.html
The Aggregate Demand/Aggregate Supply Model
Keynes, J. M. (1936). The general theory of employment, interest, and money. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. (n.d.). New residential sales historical data. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/construction/nrs/historical_data/
Library of Economics and Liberty. (2008). John-Baptiste Say. The concise encyclopedia of economics. Retrieved from http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/bios/Say.html
Library of Economics and Liberty. (2008). John Maynard Keynes. The concise encyclopedia of economics. Retrieved from http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/bios/Keynes.html
Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development. (2015, March 4). Business tendency surveys: Construction. Retrieved from http://stats.oecd.org/mei/default.asp?lang=e&subject=6
University of Michigan. (2015, March 4). Surveys of consumers. Retrieved from http://www.sca.isr.umich.edu/tables.html
The Keynesian Perspective
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. Top picks. Retrieved from http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?bls
Joyner, J. (2012, May 23). Public financing of private sports stadiums. Outside the beltway. Retrieved from http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/public-financing-of-private-sports-stadiums/
Mahapatra, L. (2013, July 9). US exports To China have grown 294% over the past decade. International Business Times. Retrieved from http://www.ibtimes.com/us-exports-china-have-grown-294-over-past-decade-1338693
Siegfried, J. & Zimbalist, A. (2000). The economics of sports facilities and their communities. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14(3), 95–114. Retrieved from http://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/jep.14.3.95
The Conference Board, Inc. (2014, Nov.). Global economic outlook 2014. Retrieved from http://www.conference-board.org/data/globaloutlook.cfm
Thomas, G. S. (2012, July 24). “Recession claimed 170,000 small businesses in two years.” The Business Journals. Retrieved from http://www.bizjournals.com/bizjournals/on-numbers/scott-thomas/2012/07/recessionclaimed-170000-small.html
Harford, T. (2014, Jan. 10). What price supply and demand? Financial Times. Retrieved from https://www.ft.com/content/e8637f18-7800-11e3-afc5-00144feabdc0
National Employment Law Project. (n.d.). Job creation and economic recovery. Retrieved from http://www.nelp.org/index.php/content/content_issues/category/job_creation_and_economic_recovery/
Hoover, K. (2008). Phillips curve. The concise encyclopedia of economics. Retrieved from http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/PhillipsCurve.html
U.S. Government Printing Office. (2005). Economic report of the president. Retrieved from http://1.usa.gov/1c3psdL
Blinder, A. S. & Zandi, M. (2010, July 27). How the Great Recession was brought to an end. Retrieved from http://www.princeton.edu/~blinder/End-of-Great-Recession.pdf
The Neoclassical Perspective
Lumina Foundation. (2015, March 4). A stronger nation through higher education. Retrieved from http://www.luminafoundation.org/publications/A_stronger_nation_through_higher_education-2014.pdf
The National Bureau of Economic Research. (n.d.). NBER. Retrieved from http://www.nber.org/
U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. (2011). The 2012 statistical abstract of the United States. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/cats/education.html
U.S. Department of the Treasury. (2013, Dec. 12). TARP programs. Retrieved from http://www.treasury.gov/initiatives/financial-stability/TARP-Programs/Pages/default.aspx
U.S. Government. (2013, Oct. 30). Recovery.gov: Track the money. Retrieved from http://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=9ded7a8d7fe9458f8db74fd36fbd473d
American Statistical Association. (n.d.). ASA headlines. Retrieved from http://www.amstat.org/
Carvalho, C., Eusepi, S., & Grisse, C. (2012). Policy initiatives in the global eecession: What did forecasters expect? Current issues in economics and finance, 18(2). Retrieved from http://www.newyorkfed.org/research/current_issues/ci18-2.pdf
Haubrich, J. G. (2009, August 9). A new approach to gauging inflation expectations. Retrieved from https://clevelandfed.org/en/newsroom-and-events/publications/economic-commentary/economic-commentary-archives/2009-economic-commentaries/ec-20090809-a-new-approach-to-gauging-inflation-expectations.aspx
Haubrich, J. G., Pennacchi, G., & Ritchken, P. (2011, March). Inflation expectations, real rates, and risk premia: Evidence from inflation swaps. Retrieved from http://www.business.illinois.edu/gpennacc/HPRRFS2012.pdf
Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan. (n.d.). Survey research center. Retrieved from http://www.src.isr.umich.edu/
Carvalho, Carlos, Stefano Eusepi, and Christian Grisse. “Policy Initiatives in the Global Recession: What Did Forecasters Expect?” Federal Reserve Bank of New York: Current Issues in Economics and Finance, 18, no. 2 (2012). http://www.newyorkfed.org/research/current_issues/ci18-2.pdf.
Money and Banking
Hogendorn , J. & Johnson, M. (2003). The shell money of the slave trade. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 6.
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve. (2013, Nov. 23). Statistical release. Retrieved from http://www.federalreserve.gov/RELEASES/h6/current/default.htm#t2tg1link
Credit Union National Association. (2015, March 4). Monthly credit union estimates. Retrieved from http://www.cuna.org/Research-And-Strategy/Credit-Union-Data-And-Statistics/
Dallas Federal Reserve. (2015, March 4). Ending `Too Big To Fail': A Proposal for Reform Before It's Too Late. Retrieved from http://www.dallasfed.org/news/speeches/fisher/2013/fs130116.cfm
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. (2013, Nov.). Commercial banks in the U.S. Retrieved from http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/series/USNUM
Fisher , R. W. (2013, Jan. 16). Ending “too big to fail”: A proposal for reform before it's too late (with reference to Patrick Henry, complexity and reality). Remarks before the Committee for the Republic. Washington, DC. Retrieved from https://www.dallasfed.org/news/speeches/fisher/2013/fs130116.cfm
Bitcoin. 2013. www.bitcoin.org.
National Public Radio. Lawmakers and Regulators Take Closer Look at Bitcoin. November 19, 2013. http://thedianerehmshow.org/shows/2013-11-19/lawmakers-and-regulators-take-closer-look-bitcoin.
Monetary Policy and Bank Regulation
Appelbaum , B. (2013, Aug. 14). Divining the regulatory goals of Fed rivals. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/14/business/economy/careers-of-2-fed-contenders-reveal-little-on-regulatory-approach.html
Matthews , D. (2013, Oct. 9). Nine amazing facts about Janet Yellen, our next Fed chair. Wonkblog. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/10/09/nine-amazing-factsabout-janet-yellen-our-next-fed-chair/
National Credit Union Administration. (2013, Nov.). About NCUA. Retrieved from http://www.ncua.gov/about/ Pages/default.aspx
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, U.S. Department of the Treasury. (2013, Nov.). OCC Home. Retrieved from http://www.occ.gov/
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. (2013, Nov. 5). Reserve requirements. Retrieved from http://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/reservereq.htm
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. (2013, Sept. 3). Federal open market committee. Retrieved from http://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/fomc.htm
Cox , J. (2014, Oct. 29). Fed completes the taper. CNBC. Retrieved from http://www.cnbc.com/id/102132961
Jahan , S. (2012, March 28). Inflation targeting: Holding the line. Finance and development. Retrieved from http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/basics/target.htm
Federal Reserve Bank of New York. (2013, Nov.). The founding of the Fed. Retrieved from http://www.newyorkfed.org/aboutthefed/history_article.html
Tobin , J. (2008). Monetary policy. The concise encyclopedia of economics. Retrieved from http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/MonetaryPolicy.html
Exchange Rates and International Capital Flows
Bank for International Settlements. (2013, September). Triennial Central Bank survey foreign exchange turnover in April 2013: Preliminary global results. Retrieved from http://www.bis.org/publ/rpfx13fx.pdf
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. (n.d.a). Canada/U.S. foreign exchange rate. Retrieved from https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/EXCAUS
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. (n.d.b). US dollar to national currency spot exchange rate for Canada. Retrieved from https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CCUSSP01CAQ650N
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. (n.d.c). Japan/U.S. foreign exchange rate. Retrieved from https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/EXCAUS
Friedman , M. (1962). Capitalism and freedom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Government Budgets and Fiscal Policy
Chantrill , C. (2013). Government spending details: United States federal state and local government spending, fiscal year 2013. Retrieved from http://www.usgovernmentspending.com/year_spending_2013USbn_15bs2n_20
Executive Office of the President Council of Economic Advisors. (2014a, March). Economic report of the president: Tables B-2 and B-22. Retrieved from https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/ERP-2014/content-detail.html
Kramer , M. et al. (2012). A people's guide to the federal budget. Northampton: Interlink Books.
Kurtzleben , D. (2011, Jan. 14). 10 states with the largest budget shortfalls. U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved from http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2011/01/14/10-states-with-the-largest-budget-shortfalls
Matthews , D. (2013, April 5). America’s taxes are the most progressive in the world. Its government is among the least. Wonkblog. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/04/05/americas-taxes-are-the-most-progressive-in-the-world-its-government-is-among-the-least/
Miller , R. & Selway, W. (2013, Jan. 10). U.S. cities and states start spending again. Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved from http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-01-10/u-dot-s-dot-cities-and-states-start-spending-again
Office of Management and Budget. (n.d.). Budget historicals. Retrieved from https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/Historicals/
Weisman , J. (2013, Oct. 26). After year of working around federal cuts, agencies face fewer options. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/27/us/politics/after-year-of-working-around-federalcuts-agencies-face-fewer-options.html?_r=0
Burman , L. E. & Slemrod, J. (2012). Taxes in America: What everyone needs to know. New York: Oxford University Press.
Executive Office of the President Council of Economic Advisors. (2015b). Economic report of the president: Table B-20. Retrieved from https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/ERP-2014/content-detail.html
Executive Office of the President Council of Economic Advisors. (2015b). Economic report of the president: Table B-21. Retrieved from https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/ERP-2014/content-detail.html
Hall , R. E. & Rabushka, A. (2007). The flat tax. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press.
Eisner , R. (1997). The great deficit scares: The federal budget, trade, and social security. New York: Priority Press Publications.
Executive Office of the President Council of Economic Advisors. (2014b, March). Economic report of the president: Tables B-21 and B-1. Retrieved from https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/ERP-2014/content-detail.html
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. (n.d.). Federal surplus of deficit [-] as percent of gross domestic product. Retrieved from https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FYFSGDA188S
Kliff , S. (2012, Aug. 30). How Congress paid for Obamacare (in two charts). Wonkblog. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2012/08/30/how-congress-paid-for-obamacarein-two-charts/
Weisman , J. & Parker, A. (2013, Oct. 16). Republicans back down, ending crisis over shutdown and debt limit. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/17/us/congress-budget-debate.html
Wessel , D. (2013). Red ink: Inside the high-stakes politics of the federal budget. New York: Crown Publishing Group.
Alesina , A. & Giavazzi, F. (Eds.). (2013). Fiscal policy after the financial crisis (National Bureau of Economic Research conference report). Chicago: University Of Chicago Press.
Bivens , J., Fieldhouse, A., & Shierholz, H. (2013, Feb. 14). From free-fall to stagnation: Five years after the start of the Great Recession, extraordinary policy measures are still needed, but are not forthcoming. Economic Policy Institute. Retrieved from http://www.epi.org/publication/bp355-five-years-after-startof-great-recession/
Greenstone , M. & Looney, A. (2012, July 6). The role of fiscal stimulus in the ongoing recovery. Retrieved from http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/jobs/posts/2012/07/06-jobs-greenstone-looney
Lucking , B. & Wilson, D. (2013, June 3). Fiscal headwinds: Is the other shoe about to drop? FRBSF economic letter. Retrieved from http://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/publications/economic-letter/2013/june/fiscal-headwinds-federal-budget-policy/
Martin , F. M. (2012). Fiscal policy in the Great Recession and lessons from the past. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Economic Synopses (1). Retrieved from http://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/es/12/ES_2012-01-06.pdf
Congressional Budget Office. (2013, March 8). The effects of automatic stabilizers on the federal budget as of 2013. Retrieved from https://www.cbo.gov/publication/43977
Bastagli , F., Coady, D., & Gupta, S. (2012, June 28). IMF staff discussion note: Income inequality and fiscal policy. Retrieved from http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/sdn/2012/sdn1208.pdf
Leduc , S. & Wilson, D. (2015, Sept.). Are state governments roadblocks to federal stimulus? Evidence from highway grants in the 2009 Recovery Act. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco: Working Paper Series. Retrieved from http://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/files/wp2013-16.pdf
Lucking , B. & Wilson, D. (2012, July 2). U.S. fiscal policy: Headwind or tailwind? FRBSF economic letter. Retrieved from http://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/publications/economic-letter/2012/july/us-fiscal-policy/
U.S. Government. (2013, Oct. 30). Recovery.gov: Track the money. Retrieved from http://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=9ded7a8d7fe9458f8db74fd36fbd473d
The Impacts of Government Borrowing
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. (2103, Dec. 10). Selected interest rates (daily)—H.15. Retrieved from http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h15/data.htm
Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce. (2013, Dec. 1). National data: National income and product accounts tables. Retrieved from http://www.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?ReqID=9&step=1#reqid=9&step=3&isuri=1&910=X&911=0&903=146&904=2008&905=2013&906=A
Office of Management and Budget. (n.d.). Historical tables: Table 1.1. Retrieved from https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/omb/budget/Historicals
The National Science Foundation. (2013, Dec. 19). NSF. Retrieved from http://www.nsf.gov/
The White House. (2013, Dec. 12). Fiscal year 2013 historical tables: Budget of the U.S. government. Retrieved from http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/budget/fy2013/assets/hist.pdf
Sinai , A., Orszag, P. R., & Rubin, R. E. (2004, Jan. 5). Sustained budget deficits: Longer-run U.S. economic performance and the risk of financial and fiscal disarray. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/research/sustained-budget-deficits-longer-run-u-s-economic-performance-and-the-risk-of-financial-and-fiscal-disarray/
The White House. (2013, Aug. 20). This is why it's time to make college more affordable. Retrieved from http://www.whitehouse.gov/share/college-affordability
The White House. (2013, Dec. 12). Fiscal year 2013 historical tables: Budget of the U.S. government. Retrieved from http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/budget/fy2013/assets/hist.pdf
Macroeconomic Policy Around the World
International Labour Organisation. (2013). Global employment trends for youth 2013. Retrieved from http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@dgreports/@dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_212423.pdf
International Monetary Fund. (2013, Oct.). World economic outlook: Transitions and tensions. Retrieved from http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/02/pdf/text.pdf
Nobel Media AB. (1987, Oct. 21). Press release: The prize in economics 1987. Retrieved from http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/1987/press.html
Redvers , L. (2012, Oct. 31). Youth unemployment: The big question and South Africa. BBC News. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-20125053
The World Bank. (n.d.). The complete world development report online. Retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/2124
Todaro , M. P. & Smith, S. C. (2011). Economic development (11th ed.) (chapters 1–2). Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley: Pearson.
World Bank Group. (n.d.). DataBank. Retrieved from http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx
Banerjee , A. V. & Duflo, E. (2011). Poor economics: About the book. Retrieved from http://pooreconomics.com/about-book
CARE International. (2014, Jan. 14). About us. Retrieved from http://www.care-international.org/about-us.aspx
Central Intelligence Agency. (2013, Nov. 12). The world factbook: Africa, Burundi. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/by.html
Central Intelligence Agency. (2013, Nov. 12). The world factbook: Africa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cg.html
Easterly , W. (2006). The white man’s burden: Why the West’s efforts to aid the rest have done so much ill and so little good. New York: Penguin Group USA.
Goel , V. (2013, Aug. 20). Facebook leads an effort to lower barriers to Internet access. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/21/technology/facebook-leads-an-effort-to-lower-barriers-to-internet-access.html
Google . (n.d.). Project Loon. http://www.google.com/loon/
GOV .UK. (n.d.). Department for international development. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-international-development
The Economist. (2013, May 4). Don’t mention the debt. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21577080-shinzo-abes-government-looks-likely-disappoint-fiscal-consolidation-dont
Todaro , M. P. & Smith, S. C. (2011). Economic development (11th ed.) (chapter 3). Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley: Pearson.
Vercillo , S. (2010). The failures of Canadian foreign aid: Tied, mismanaged and uncoordinated. In Attaché. Retrieved from http://theattachejia.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/the-attache-2010-issue.pdf
World Bank Group. (n.d.). Millennium development goals. Retrieved from http://www.worldbank.org/mdgs/
Viscusi , G. & Deen, M. (2012, May 3). Why France has so many 49-employee companies. Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-05-03/why-france-has-so-many-49-employee-companies
Basu , K. (2006, May 18). Why India’s labour laws are a problem. BBC. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4984256.stm
Edwards , S. (n.d.). America’s unsustainable current account deficit. National Bureau of Economic Research Digest. Retrieved from http://www.nber.org/digest/mar06/w11541.html
Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, Executive Office of the President. (2006, May 18). North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
World Bank Group. (2014, Jan. 14). New country classifications. Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/news/new-countryclassifications