Sections
References

References

References

Welcome to Economics!

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2015). The employment situation—February 2015 [press release]. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/empsit_03062015.pdf

Garling, Caleb. (2013, July 7). S.F. plane crash: Reporting, emotions on social media. The San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved from http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/S-F-plane-crash-Reporting-emotions-on-social-4651639.php

Irvine, J. (2011, Nov. 25). Social networking sites are factories of modern ideas. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved from http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/society-and-culture/social-networking-sites-are-factories-ofmodern-ideas-20111124-1nwy3.html#ixzz2YZhPYeME

Pew Research Center. (2015). Social media fact sheet. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/ fact-sheets/social-networking-fact-sheet/

The Heritage Foundation. (2015). 2015 index of economic freedom. Retrieved from http://www.heritage.org/index/pdf/2015/book/index_2015.pdf

World Bank Group. (2015). DataBank. Retrieved from http://databank.worldbank.org/data/

Choice in a World of Scarcity

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2015). Median weekly earnings by educational attainment in 2014. TED: The economics daily. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2015/median-weekly-earnings-by-education-gender-race-and-ethnicity-in-2014.htm

Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation. (2013). Total passengers on U.S airlines and foreign airlines U.S. flights increased 1.3% in 2012 from 2011. Retrieved from http://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/press_releases/bts016_13

Robbins, L. (1932). An essay on the nature and significance of economic science. London: Macmillan.

Smith, A. (1759). Of the propriety of action. In The theory of moral sentiments (1). London: A. Millar.

Smith, A. (1904). Of restraints upon the importation from foreign countries. In The wealth of nations (I.V. 2.9). London: Methuen & Co., Ltd.

Demand and Supply

Costanza, R. & Wainger L. (1990, Sept. 2). No accounting for nature: How conventional economics distorts the value of things.” The Washington Post.

European Commission. (2013). Overview of the CAP reform: 2014–2024. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/cap-post-2013/

Radford, R. A. (1945). The economic organisation of a P.O.W. camp. Economica, 12(48), 189–201. doi: 10.2307/2550133

Landsburg, S. E. (2012). The armchair economist: Economics and everyday life. New York: The Free Press.

National Chicken Council. (2015). Per capita consumption of poultry and livestock, 1965 to estimated 2015, in pounds. Retrieved from http://www.nationalchickencouncil.org/about-the-industry/statistics/percapita-consumption-of-poultry-and-livestock-1965-to-estimated-2012-in-pounds/

Wessel, D. (2004, May 27). Saudi Arabia fears $40-a-barrel oil, too. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB108561000087822300

Pew Research Center. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.people-press.org/

Labor and Financial Markets

American Association of Colleges of Nursing. (2012, March 12). Press Release: New AACN data show an enrollment surge in baccalaureate and graduate programs amid calls for more highly educated nurses. Retrieved from http://www.aacn.nche.edu/news/articles/2012/enrollment-data

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (n.d.). Occupational outlook handbook: Registered nurses. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/registered-nurses.htm

Davis, J. (2012). School enrollment and work status: 2011. American community survey briefs. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/acsbr11-14.pdf

National Center for Educational Statistics, U.S. Department of Education. (2008). Digest of education statistics. Retrieved https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2009/2009020.pdf

National Center for Educational Statistics, U.S. Department of Education. (2010). Digest of education statistics. Retrieved https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2011/2011015.pdf

U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of International Affairs. (2015, April 9). Report to Congress on international economic and exchange rate policies. Retrieved from https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/international/exchange-rate-policies/Documents/Report%20to%20Congress%20on%20International%20Economic%20and%20Exchange%20Rate%20Policies%2004092015.pdf

CreditCards.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.creditcards.com/credit-card-news/credit-card-industry-facts-personal-debtstatistics-1276.php

Elasticity

Abkowitz, A. (2009, Jan. 28). How Netflix got started: Netflix founder and CEO Reed Hastings tells Fortune how he got the idea for the DVD-by-mail service that now has more than eight million customers. Fortune Magazine. Retrieved from http://archive.fortune.com/2009/01/27/news/newsmakers/hastings_netflix.fortune/index.htm

Associated Press (2011a, Oct. 12). Analyst: Coinstar gains from Netflix pricing moves. Boston.com. Retrieved from http://www.boston.com/business/articles/2011/10/12/analyst_coinstar_gains_from_netflix_pricing_moves/

Associated Press (2011b, Oct. 25). Netflix loses 800,000 US subscribers in tough 3Q. ABC6. Retrieved from ://abclocal.go.com/wpvi/story?section=news/business&id=8403368

Baumgardner, J. (2014, April 4). Presentation on raising the excise tax on cigarettes: Effects on health and the federal budget. Presentation of the Congressional Budget Office to the 30th International Congress of Actuaries. Washington, DC. Retrieved from http://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/45214-ICA_Presentation.pdf

Funding Universe. (2015). Netflix, Inc. History. Retrieved from http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/netflix-inc-history/

Laporte, N. (2013, July). A tale of two Netflix. Fast Company, 177, 31–32. Retrieved from http://www.fastcompany-digital.com/fastcompany/20130708?pg=33#pg33

Liedtke, M. & Associated Press. (n.d.) Investors bash Netflix stock after slower growth forecast - fee hikes expected to take toll on subscribers most likely to shun costly bundled Net, DVD service. The Seattle Times. Available at NewsBank on-line database (Access World News).

Netflix. (2013). A quick update on our streaming plans and prices [company blog]. Retrieved from http://blog.netflix.com/2014/05/a-quick-update-on-our-streaming-plans.html

Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECC). (n.d.). Average annual hours actually worked per worker. Retrieved from https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=ANHRS

Savitz, E. (2011, Oct. 24). Netflix warns DVD subs eroding; Q4 view weak; Losses ahead; Shrs plunge. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/ericsavitz/2011/10/24/netflix-q3-top-ests-but-shares-hit-by-weak-q4-outlook/#589566ee693b

Statista. (2014). Coffee export volumes worldwide in November 2014, by leading countries (in 60-kilosacks). Retrieved from http://www.statista.com/statistics/268135/ranking-of-coffee-exportingcountries/

Stone, M. (2011). Netflix responds to customers angry with price hike; Netflix stock falls 9%. News & Politics Examiner. Retrieved from http://www.examiner.com/article/netflixresponds-to-customers-angry-with-price-hike-netflix-stock-falls-9

Weinman, J. (2012). Die hard, hardly dying. Maclean’s, 125(18), 44.

World Bank Group. (2015). Gross savings (% of GDP). Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNS.ICTR.ZS

Yahoo Finance. (n.d.). NFLX: Summary for Netflix. Retrieved from http://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=NFLX

Consumer Choices

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2015a, Feb.). Consumer expenditures in 2013 (Report 1053). Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/cex/csxann13.pdf

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2015b. March 11). Employer costs for employee compensation—December 2014 [press release]. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/ecec_03112015.pdf

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2015c). Labor force statistics from the current population survey. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat22.htm

Bureau of Economic Analysis. (n.d.). Personal income and outlays. Retrieved from https://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/national/pi/pinewsrelease.htm

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2013). Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [press release]. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.t18.htm

Holden, S. & Schrass, D. (2012, Dec.). The role of IRAs in U.S. households’ saving for retirement, 2012. ICI Research Perspective, 18(8). Retrieved from http://www.ici.org/pdf/per18-08.pdf

Kahneman, D. & Tversky, A. (1979, March). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263–291.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2013). Average annual hours actually worked per worker. Retrieved from http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=ANHRS

Thaler, R. H. (2013, April 6). Shifting our retirement savings into automatic. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/07/business/an-automatic-solution-for-the-retirement-savings-problem.html

UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (n.d.). Statistics in brief / profiles. Retrieved from http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/document.aspx?ReportId=121 &IF_Language=en&BR_Country=5580

World Bank Group. (2015). Gross savings (% of GDP). Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNS.ICTR.ZS

Cost and Industry Structure

U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. (2010). 2010 census. Retrieved from www.census.gov

Perfect Competition

Index Mundi. (n.d.). Wheat monthly price—U.S. dollars per metric ton. Retrieved from http://www.indexmundi.com/commodities/?commodity=wheat

Knutson, J. (2013, April 14).Wheat on the defensive in the Northern Plains. Agweek, Associated Press State Wire: North Dakota (ND).

U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) Office of Advocacy. (2014). Frequently asked questions: Advocacy: The voice of small business in government. Retrieved from https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/advocacy/FAQ_March_2014_0.pdf

Monopoly

Aboukhadijeh, F. (2012, Nov. 17). Chapter 20: Girding for War - The North and the South, 1861–1865. StudyNotes. https://www.apstudynotes.org/us-history/outlines/chapter-20-girding-for-war-the-north-and-the-south-1861-1865/

British Parliament. (1833, Aug. 28). Slavery abolition act 1833; Section LXIV. Retrieved from http://www.pdavis.nl/Legis_07.htm

Dattel, E. R. (2008, July). Cotton and the Civil War. Mississippi History Now. Retrieved from http://mshistorynow.mdah.state.ms.us/articles/291/cotton-and-the-civil-war

Gartner. (2015, Jan. 5). Gartner says tablet sales continue to be slow in 2015 [press release]. Retrieved from http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2954317

Grogan, D. (2015). Federal judge finds AmEx’s anti-steering rule violates antitrust law. American Booksellers Association. Retrieved from http://www.bookweb.org/news/federal-judge-findsamex%E2%80%99s-anti-steering-rule-violates-antitrust-law

Massachusetts Historical Society. (n.d.). The coming of the American Revolution 1764–1776: The Boston Tea Party. Retrieved from http://www.masshist.org/revolution/teaparty.php

Massachusetts Historical Society. (1773, Dec. 6). Whereas our nation. The Massachusetts Gazette, 2. Retrieved from http://www.masshist.org/database/viewer.php?item_id=423

Pelegrin, W. (2015). Judge overrules antitrust case against Google, says setting default search engines is fair. Digital Trends. Retrieved from http://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/judge-tosses-out-googleantitrust-lawsuit/

U.S. Copyright Office. (n.d.). U.S. Copyright Office definitions: copyright. Retrieved from https://www.copyright.gov/help/faq/definitions.html

Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly

eMarketer. (2014, July 2). Total US ad spending to see largest increase since 2004: Mobile advertising leads growth; will surpass radio, magazines and newspapers this year. Retrieved from http://www.emarketer.com/Article/Total-US-Ad-Spending-See-Largest-Increase-Since-2004/1010982

Federal Trade Commission. (n.d.). About the Federal Trade Commission. Retrieved from http://www.ftc.gov/ftc/about.shtm

United States Department of Justice. (n.d.). Antitrust division. Retrieved from http://www.justice.gov/atr/

Kantar Media. (n.d.). Our insights: Infographic—U.S. advertising year end trends report 2012. Retrieved from http://kantarmedia.us/insight-center/reports/infographic-us-advertising-year-end-trends-report-2012

Statista. (20150. Number of restaurants in the United States from 2011 to 2014. Retrieved from ://www.statista.com/statistics/244616/number-of-qsr-fsr-chain-independent-restaurants-in-the-us/

Monopoly and Antitrust Policy

Bishop, Todd. 2014. “Microsoft Exec Admits New Reality: Market Share No Longer 90% — It’s 14%.”GeekWire. Accessed March 27, 2015. http://www.geekwire.com/2014/microsoft-exec-admits-new-reality-market-share-longer-90-14/.

Catan, T., & Dezember, R. “Kinder-El Paso Merger to Face Antitrust Scrutiny,” Wall Street Journal. October 19, 2011.

Collins, A. “Tallgrass Energy to Acquire Kinder Morgan Assets for $1.8B.” The Middle Market, Accessed August 2013. http://www.themiddlemarket.com/news/tallgrass-energy-to-acquire-kinder-morgan-assets-for-1-point-8-billion-232862-1.html.

Conoco Phillips. “Why Natural Gas.” Accessed August 2013. http://www.powerincooperation.com/en/pages/useful.html?gclid=COXg7rH3hrgCFWlp7AodtkgA3g.

De la Merced, M. (2012, August 20). “Kinder Morgan to Sell Assets to Tallgrass for $1.8 Billion.” The New York Times. August 20, 2012.

The Federal Trade Commission. n.d. “The Federal Trade Commission’s (FTC) Mission.” Accessed March 27, 2015. https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/reports/2014-one-page-ftc-performance-snapshot/150218fy14snapshot.pdf.

Kahn, C. “Kinder Morgan to Buy El Paso Corp. for $20.7B.” USA Today. October 17, 2011.

Kinder Morgan. (2013). “Investor Information.” Accessed August 2013. http://www.kindermorgan.com/investor/.

Rogowsky, Mark. 2014. “There'd Be No Wireless Wars Without The Blocked T-Mobile Merger, So Where Does That Leave Comcast-TWC?” Forbes.com. Accessed March 12, 2015. http://www.forbes.com/sites/markrogowsky/2014/08/27/t-mobile-and-sprint-continue-to-battle-thanks-to-the-government/.

U.S. Energy Information Administration (a). “Natural Gas Consumption by End User.” Accessed May 31, 2013. http://www.eia.gov/dnav/ng/ng_cons_sum_dcu_nus_a.htm.

Bishop, T. (2014, July 14). Microsoft exec admits new reality: Market share no longer 90%—it’s 14%. GeekWire. Retrieved from https://www.geekwire.com/2014/microsoft-exec-admits-new-reality-market-share-longer-90-14/

Catan, T., & Dezember, R. (2011, Oct. 19). Kinder-El Paso merger to face antitrust scrutiny. The Wall Street Journal.

Collins, A. (n.d.). Tallgrass energy to acquire Kinder Morgan assets for $1.8B. The Middle Market. Retrieved from http://www.themiddlemarket.com/news/tallgrass-energy-to-acquire-kinder-morgan-assetsfor-1-point-8-billion-232862-1.html

Conoco Phillips. (n.d.). Why natural gas. Retrieved from http://www.powerincooperation.com/en/pages/useful.html?gclid=COXg7rH3hrgCFWlp7AodtkgA3g

De la Merced, M. (2012, August 20). Kinder Morgan to sell assets to Tallgrass for $1.8 billion. The New York Times.

Kahn, C. (2011, Oct. 17). Kinder Morgan to buy El Paso Corp. for $20.7B. USA Today.

Kinder Morgan. (2011). Investor information. Retrieved from http://www.kindermorgan.com/investor/

Rogowsky, M. (2014, Aug. 27). There'd be no wireless wars without the blocked T-Mobile merger, so where does that leave Comcast-TWC? Forbes. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/markrogowsky/2014/08/27/t-mobile-and-sprint-continue-to-battle-thanks-to-the-government/

The Federal Trade Commission. (2012). The Federal Trade Commission’s (FTC) mission. Retrieved from https://www.ftc.gov/sites/default/files/documents/reports_annual/one-page-ftc-performance-snapshot/2012snapshotpar.pdf

The Wall Street Journal. (2015). Auto sales. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/mdc/public/page/2_3022-autosales.html

U.S. Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy. (n.d.a). Natural gas consumption by end user. Retrieved from http://www.eia.gov/dnav/ng/ng_cons_sum_dcu_nus_a.htm

U.S. Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy. (n.d.b). Natural gas prices. Retrieved from. http://www.eia.gov/dnav/ng/ng_pri_sum_dcu_nus_a.htm

Zacks. (2013, June). Auto industry stock outlook. Retrieved from https://www.zacks.com/search.php?q=2013+June+auto+industry+stock+outlook

Environmental Protection and Negative Externalities

Johnson, O. W. (1990, April 30). Back on track: Earth day success story: The Chattanooga choo-choo no Longer spews foul air. Sports Illustrated. https://www.si.com/vault/1990/04/30/121923/back-on-track-earth-day-success-story-the-chattanooga-choo-choo-no-longer-spews-foul-air

U.S. Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy. (2013, Dec.). Total energy: Monthly energy review. Retrieved from http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2006). 2006 pay-as-you-throw programs. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/tools/payt/states/06comm.htm

European Commission. (2012, Dec. 11). Durban conference delivers breakthrough for climate [press release]. Retrieved from http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-11-895_en.htm?locale=en

Positive Externalities and Public Goods

Arias, O. & McMahon, W. W. (2000, April). Dynamic rates of return to education in the U.S. Economics of Education Review, 20(1), 121–138.

Biography.com. (2016, Oct. 21). Alan Turing. Retrieved from https://www.biography.com/people/alan-turing-9512017

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2014, Oct. 24). News release: Usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers (third quarter 2014). Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/wkyeng_10242014.pdf

Canty Media. (2015). The world: Life expectancy (2015) - top 100+. Retrieved from http://www.geoba.se/population.php?pc=world&type=15

Hyclak, T., Johnes, G., & Thornton, R. (2005). Fundamentals of Labor Economics. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.

McMahon, W. (2000). Education and Development: Measuring the Social Benefits. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

National Institute of Health. (2015). Global competitiveness—The importance of U.S. leadership in science and innovation for the future of our economy and our health. Retrieved from http://www.nih.gov/about/impact/impact_global.pdf

National Science Foundation. (2013). U.S. R&D spending resumes growth in 2010 and 2011 but still lags behind the pace of expansion of the national economy. Retrieved from http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf13313/

Psacharopoulos, G. (1994). Returns to investment in education: A global update. World Development, 22(9), 1325–1343.

Salientes-Narisma, C. (2013, March 15). Samsung’s shift to innovative devices pay off. Inquirer Technology. Retrieved from http://technology.inquirer.net/23831/samsungs-shift-to-innovative-devices-pays-off

U.S. Department of the Treasury. (2011). Research and experimentation tax credit. Retrieved from https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/news/Pages/investing-in-us-competitiveness.aspx

U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. (2015). U.S. patent statistics: Calendar years 1963–2014. Retrieved from http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/ac/ido/oeip/taf/us_stat.pdf

United for Medical Research. (2013, July). Profiles of prosperity: How NIH-supported research is fueling private sector growth and innovation. Accessed January 2014. http://www.unitedformedicalresearch.com/advocacy_reports/profiles-of-prosperity-how-nih-supported-research-is-fueling-private-sector-growth-and-innovation/

Cowen, T. Average Is Over: Powering America Beyond the Age of the Great Stagnation. Dutton, 2013.

Hardin, G. (1968, Dec. 13). The tragedy of the commons. Science, 162(3859), 1243–48.

Poverty and Economic Inequality

Ebeling, A. (2014, Oct. 30). IRS announces 2015 estate and gift tax limits. Forbes. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/ashleaebeling/2014/10/30/irs-announces-2015-estate-and-gift-tax-limits/

Luhby, T. (2014, Aug. 20). Income is on the rise . . . finally! CNN Money. Retrieved from http://money.cnn.com/2014/08/20/news/economy/median-income/

Meyer, A. (2015, March 6). 56,023,000: Record number of women not in labor force. CNSNews.com. Retrieved from http://cnsnews.com/news/article/ali-meyer/56023000-record-number-women-not-labor-force

Orshansky, M. (1963). Children of the poor. Social Security Bulletin, 26(7), 3–13. Retrieved from http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v26n7/v26n7p3.pdf

World Bank Group. (n.d.). Data: Poverty headcount ratio at $1.25 a day (PPP) (% of population). Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.DDAY

U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. (n.d.a). American FactFinder. Retrieved from http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml

U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. (n.d.b). Current population survey (CPS): CPS table creator. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/cps/data/cpstablecreator.html

U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. (n.d.c). Income: Table F-6. Regions—families (all races) by median and mean income. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/historical/families/

U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. (n.d.e). Poverty: Poverty thresholds. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/data/threshld/

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (2015, Sept. 3). 2015 poverty guidelines. Retrieved from http://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid-chip-program-information/by-topics/eligibility/downloads/2015-federalpoverty-level-charts.pdf

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (2014, Sept. 16). Information on poverty and income statistics: A summary of 2014 current population survey data. Retrieved from http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/14/povertyandincomeest/ib_poverty2014.pdf

World Bank Group. (n.d.b.). The World Bank Poverty and Inequality Data Base. Retrieved from http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/reports/tableview.aspx#

Congressional Budget Office. (2015, March 16). The effects of potential cuts in SNAP spending on households with different amounts of income. Retrieved from https://www.cbo.gov/publication/49978

Falk, G. (2016, March 18). The temporary assistance for needy families (TANF) block grant: Responses to frequently asked questions (Congressional Research Service Report 7-5700). Retrieved from http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL32760.pdf

Library of Congress. (n.d.). About Congressional Research Service (CRS). Retrieved from http://www.loc.gov/crsinfo/about/

Office of Management and Budget. (2013). Fiscal year 2013 historical tables: Budget of the U.S. government. Retrieved from http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/budget/fy2013/assets/hist.pdf

Tax Policy Center: Urban Institute and Brookings Institution. (n.d.). The tax policy briefing book: Taxation and the family: What is the earned income tax credit? Retrieved from http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/briefing-book/key-elements/family/eitc.cfm

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2013, Feb.). Women in the labor force: A databook (Report 1040). Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/cps/wlf-databook-2012.pdf

Children and Families Administration. (2012, March 15). State median income estimates for a four-person household: Notice of the federal fiscal year (FFY) 2013 state median income estimates for use under the low income home energy assistance program (LIHEAP) (Federal Register Doc. 2012-6220). Retrieved from https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2012/03/15/2012-6220/state-median-income-estimates-for-a-fourperson-household-notice-of-the-federal-fiscal-year-ffy-2013#t-1

Frank, R. H. & Cook, P. J. The Winner-Take-All Society. New York: Martin Kessler Books at The Free Press, 1995.

Institute of Education Sciences: National Center for Education Statistics. (n.d.). Fast facts: Degrees conferred by sex and race. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=72

Nhan, D. (2012, May 1). Census: More in U.S. report nontraditional households. National Journal. Retrieved from http://www.nationaljournal.com/thenextamerica/demographics/census-more-in-u-s-report-nontraditionalhouseholds-20120430

U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. (2014a). 2013 highlights. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/about/overview/

U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. (2014b). Historical income tables: Households: Table H-2 share of aggregate income received by each fifth and top 5% of income. All races. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/historical/household/

U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. (n.d.d). Income: Table H-2. Share of aggregate income received by each fifth and top 5 percent of households. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/historical/household/

Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. (n.d.). Research resources: Survey of consumer finances. Retrieved from http://www.federalreserve.gov/econresdata/scf/scfindex.htm

Congressional Budget Office. (2012, July 10). The distribution of household income and federal taxes, 2008 and 2009. Retrieved from http://www.cbo.gov/publication/43373

Huang, C. & Frentz, N. (2013, Aug. 29). Myths and realities about the estate tax. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. Retrieved from http://www.cbpp.org/files/estatetaxmyths.pdf

Issues in Labor Markets: Unions, Discrimination, Immigration

AFL-CIO. (n.d.). Training and apprenticeships. Retrieved from http://www.aflcio.org/Learn-About-Unions/Training-and-Apprenticeships

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2013a, Jan. 23). Economic news release: Union members summary. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/news.release/union2.nr0.htm

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2015). Economic news release: Union members summary. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/news.release/union2.nr0.htm

Central Intelligence Agency. (n.d.). The world factbook. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html

Clark, J.B. (1907). Essentials of economic theory: As applied to modern problems of industry and public policy. New York: A. M. Kelley, 501.

United Auto Workers (UAW). (n.d.). About: Who we are. https://uaw.org/about/

Anderson, D. J., Binder, M., & Krause, K. (2003, Jan.). The motherhood wage penalty revisited: Experience, heterogeneity, work effort, and work-schedule flexibility. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 56(2), 273–294. Retrieved from http://www2.econ.iastate.edu/classes/econ321/orazem/anderson_motherhood-penalty.pdf

Austin, A. (2013, June 18). The unfinished march: An overview. Economic Policy Institute. Last modified June 18, 2013. http://www.epi.org/publication/unfinished-march-overview/

Bertrand, M. & Mullainathan, S. (2004, Sept.). Are Emily and Greg more employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A field experiment on labor market discrimination. American Economic Review, 94(4), 991–1013. https://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/0002828042002561&fnd=s

Blau, F. D., and Kahn, L. M. (2007, Feb. 1). The gender pay gap: Have women gone as far as they can? Academy of Management Perspectives, 21(1), 7–23. doi: 10.5465/AMP.2007.24286161

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2013b, Nov. 1). News release: Usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers (third quarter 2013). Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/wkyeng_11012013.pdf

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2014, Dec.). Women in the labor force: A databook (Report 1052). Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/opub/reports/cps/women-in-the-labor-force-a-databook-2014.pdf

Card, D. & Kruger, A.B. (1992, Dec.). Trends in relative back–white earnings revisited (Working Paper #310, Princeton University and the National Bureau of Economic Research). Retrieved from http://harris.princeton.edu/pubs/pdfs/310.pdf

Donovan, T. (2013, Aug. 5). Federal judge rejects class status in Wal-Mart discrimination suit. Jurist. Retrieved from http://www.jurist.org/paperchase/2013/08/federal-judge-rejects-class-status-in-wal-mart-discrimination-suit.php

Harris, E. A. (2013, Nov. 18). Labor panel finds illegal punishments at Walmart. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/19/business/labor-panel-finds-illegal-punishments-at-walmart.html?_r=1&

Kolesnikova, N. A. & Liu, Y. (2011, Oct.). Gender wage gap may be much smaller than most think. The Regional Economist. Retrieved from http://www.stlouisfed.org/publications/re/articles/?id=2160

Podmolik, M. E. (2013, June 12). HUD finds housing discrimination ‘hidden’ but prevalent. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved from http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013-06-12/business/ct-biz-0612-housing-discrimination-20130612_1_renters-testers-chicago-area

Spreen, T. L. (2013, Feb.). Recent college graduates in the U.S. labor force: Data from the current population survey. Monthly Labor Review Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2013/02/art1full.pdf

Smith, J. P. (2012). Immigration reform. Rand Review [blog]. Retrieved from http://www.rand.org/pubs/periodicals/rand-review/issues/2012/fall/leadership/immigration-reform.html

Turner, M. A. et al. & The Urban Institute. (June 2013). Housing discrimination against racial and ethnic minorities 2012 (prepared for U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development). Retrieved from http://www.huduser.org/Publications/pdf/HUD-514_HDS2012.pdf

U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. (2014). Table 1. Educational attainment of the population 18 years and over, by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin: 2014. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2014/demo/educational-attainment/cps-detailed-tables.html

U.S. Department of Commerce & U.S. Census Bureau. (n.d.).

U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (2010, March 1). Walmart to pay more than $11.7 million to settle EEOC sex discrimination suit [press release]. Retrieved from http://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/newsroom/release/3-1-10.cfm

Warner, J. (2014, March 7). Fact sheet: The women’s leadership gap: Women’s leadership by the numbers. Center for American Progress. Retrieved from https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/women/report/2014/03/07/85457/fact-sheet-the-womens-leadership-gap/

Weinberger, C. J. & Joy, L. (2007). The relative earnings of black college graduates, 1980–2001. In M. Kim (Ed.), Race and economic opportunity in the 21st century. New York: Routledge, 2007. Available at http://www.econ.ucsb.edu/~weinberg/grads.pdf

Clune, M. S. (1998). The fiscal impacts of immigrants: A California case study. In Smith, J. P. & Edmonston, B. (Eds.), The immigration debate: Studies on the economic, demographic, and fiscal effects of immigration. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 120–182. Available at http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5985&page=120

Office of Immigration Statistics, U.S. Department of Homeland Security. (2012, Sept.). 2011 yearbook of immigration statistics, table 1. Retrieved from http://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2011/ois_yb_2011.pdf

Information, Risk, and Insurance

Blumenthal, M., Edwards-Levy, A., & Velencia, J. (2015, March 19). HUFFPOLLSTER: Poll shows uptick in Obamacare favorable rating. Huffington Post. Retrieve from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/19/affordable-care-act-fav_n_6900938.html

Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. (2016, March 4). Policy basics: Where do our federal tax dollars go? Retrieved from http://www.cbpp.org/cms/?fa=view&id=1258

Consumer Reports. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/index.htm

Federal Trade Commission. (2013, Oct. 17). About the FTC. Retrieved from http://www.ftc.gov/ftc/about.shtm

Kahneman, D. & Tversky, A. (1979, March). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263–291. Retrieved from http://www.princeton.edu/~kahneman/docs/Publications/prospect_theory.pdf

Rasmussen Reports. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.rasmussenreports.com/

Central Intelligence Agency. (n.d.). The world factbook. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html

Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. (2013, April 25). Summary of the Affordable Care Act. Retrieved from http://kff.org/health-reform/fact-sheet/summary-of-new-health-reform-law/

National Association of Insurance Commissioners. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.naic.org/

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (n.d.). About OECD. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/about/

Thaler, R. H. & Mullainathan, S. How behavioral economics differs from traditional economics. In The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Behavioral Economics. Retrieved from http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/BehavioralEconomics.html

Unger, L. (2015, March 16). Uninsured rates drop dramatically under Obamacare. USA Today. Retrieved from http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/03/16/uninsured-rates-drop-sharply-under-obamacare/24852325/

Financial Markets

Former, J. D. (2010, March 23). Should your small business go public? Consider the benefits and risks of becoming a publicly traded company. U.S. Small Business Administration (community blog). Retrieved from http://www.sba.gov/community/blogs/community-blogs/business-law-advisor/should-your-smallbusiness-go-public-consider-0

FRED Economic Data, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. (n.d.). Corporate profits after tax with inventory valuation adjustment (IVA) and capital consumption adjustment (CCAdj) (CPATAX). Retrieved from https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CPATAX

Freddie Mac. (2015). Freddie Mac update: March 2015. Retrieved from http://www.freddiemac.com/investors/pdffiles/investor-presentation.pdf

National Venture Capital Association. (n.d.). Recent Stats & Studies. Retrieved from http://www.nvca.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=344&Itemid=103Update

Howley, K. M. (2013, March 26). Home value highest since ’07 as U.S. houses make cash. Bloomberg. Retrieved from http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-03-26/home-value-highest-since-07-as-u-s-houses-makecash-mortgages.html

Investment Company Institute. (2013). “2013 Investment Company Fact Book, Chapter 6: Characteristics of Mutual Fund Owners.” http://icifactbook.org/fb_ch6.html

NASDAQ. (2015). Facebook, Inc. historical stock prices. Retrieved from http://www.nasdaq.com/symbol/fb/historical

National Association of Realtors. (2015). Existing-home sales: Latest news. Retrieved from http://www.realtor.org/topics/existing-home-sales/data

PricewaterhouseCoopers. (2015). Annual venture capital investment tops $48 billion in 2014, reaching highest level in over a decade, according to the Moneytree report. Retrieved from http://www.pwc.com/us/en/press-releases/2015/annual-venture-capital-investment-tops-48-billion.jhtml

Rooney, B. (2010, Oct. 1). Trading program sparked may ‘flash crash’. CNN Money. Retrieved from https://money.cnn.com/2010/10/01/markets/SEC_CFTC_flash_crash/index.htm

U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. (n.d.). Income: Table H-13. Educational attainment of householder—households with householder 25 years old and over by median and mean income. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/historical/household/

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2015). Table 9. Quartiles and selected deciles of usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics, 2014 annual averages. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/news.release/wkyeng.t09.htm

Public Economy

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). (n.d.). Voting rights. Retrieved from https://www.aclu.org/voting-rights

Ashkenas, J. et al. (2012). The 2012 money race: Compare the candidates. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://elections.nytimes.com/2012/campaign-finance

Citizens United v. Federal Election Committee No. 08-205 (2010). Available at http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/08-205.ZS.html

Downs, A. (1957). An economic theory of democracy. New York: Harper.

Olson, Jr., M. (1965). The logic of collective action: Public goods and the theory of groups. Boston: Harvard University Press.

Skinner, B. F. (1948). Walden two. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc.

The Washington Post. (2012, Nov. 7). Exit polls 2012: Where Americans stood this election. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/politics/2012-exit-polls/national-breakdown/

U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. (n.d.). Voting and registration: Historical time series tables; Table A-9: Reported voting rates in presidential election years, by selected characteristics: November 1964 to 2012. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/socdemo/voting/publications/historical/index.html

Roper Center Public Opinion Archives. (2012, Sept. 13). A brief history of public opinion on the government’s role in providing health care.

U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. (n.d.). Voting and registration: Historical time series tables; Table A-10: Reported registration rates in presidential election years, by selected characteristics: November 1968 to 2012. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/socdemo/voting/publications/historical/index.html

Hufbauer, G. C. & Lowry, S. (2012, April). U.S. tire tariffs: Saving few jobs at high cost (Policy Brief 12-9, Peterson Institute for International Economics).

Nixon, R. (2013, Oct. 30). American candy makers. Pinched by inflated sugar prices. Look abroad. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/31/us/american-candy-makers-pinched-by-inflated-sugar-prices-look-abroad.html?mcubz=2

International Trade

Krugman, P. R. (1993). What do undergrads need to know about trade? American Economic Review 83(2), 23–26.

Krugman, P. R. (1996). Pop Internationalism. Cambridge: The MIT Press.

Ricardo, D. (1817). On the principles of political economy and taxation. London: John Murray.

Bernstein, W. J. (2008). A splendid exchange: How trade shaped the world. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press.

Vernengo, M. (2000). “What do undergraduates really need to know about trade and finance?” In Ron Baiman, R., Boushey, H., & Saunders, D. (Eds.), Political economy and contemporary capitalism: Radical perspectives on economic theory and policy. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe Inc., 177–183.

U.S. Census Bureau & U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce. (2015a, Feb. 5). U.S. international trade in goods and services: December 2014. Retrieved from http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/international/trade/2015/pdf/trad1214.pdf

U.S. Census Bureau & U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce. (2015b). U.S. international trade in goods and services February 2015. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/Press-Release/current_press_release/ft900.pdf

World Bank Group. (n.d.). Data: World development indicators. Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators

World Trade Organization. (n.d.). The Doha Round. Retrieved from http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dda_e/dda_e.htm

Globalization and Protectionism

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2013a, Dec. 31). Industries at a glance. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/iag/

Oxfam International. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.oxfam.org/

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2013b, Feb. 1). Data retrieval: Employment, hours, and earnings (CES). Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/webapps/legacy/cesbtab1.htm

Dhillon, K. (2014, April 17). Why are U.S. oil imports falling? Time. Retrieved from http://time.com/67163/why-are-u-s-oil-imports-falling/

Kristof, N. (2002, June 25). Let them sweat. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/25/opinion/let-them-sweat.html

Kohut, A., Wike,R., & Horowitz,J. (2007, Oct. 4). World publics welcome global trade - but not immigration. The Pew Global Attitudes Project, Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.pewglobal.org/files/pdf/258.pdf

Lutz, H. (2015, Feb. 6). U.S. auto exports hit record in 2014. Automotive News. Retrieved from http://www.autonews.com/article/20150206/OEM01/150209875/u.s.-auto-exports-hit-record-in-2014

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2015). Employment situation summary. Retrieved from ://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.nr0.htm

United States Department of Commerce. (n.d.). About commerce. Retrieved from http://www.commerce.gov/about-department-commerce

United States International Trade Commission. (n.d.). About the USITC. Retrieved from http://www.usitc.gov/press_room/about_usitc.htm

Helpman, E. & Itskhoki, O. (2010, July). Labour market rigidities, trade and unemployment. The Review of Economic Studies, 77(3), 1100–1137.

Melitz, M. J. & Trefler, D. (2012). Gains from trade when firms matter. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 26(2), 91–118.

Office of the United States Trade Representative. (2013, Sept.). U.S. Trade Representative Froman announces FY 2014 WTO tariff-rate quota allocations for raw cane sugar, refined and specialty sugar and sugar-containing products [press release]. Retrieved from https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2013/september/WTO-trq-for-sugar

Rauch, J. (2013, Feb. 15). Was Mancur Olson wrong? The American. Retrieved from http://www.american.com/archive/2013/february/was-mancur-olson-wrong

World Bank Group. (2014). Merchandise trade (% of GDP). Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/TG.VAL.TOTL.GD.ZS

World Trade Organization. (2014). Annual report 2014. Retrieved from https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/anrep_e/anrep14_chap10_e.pdf